THE BUSINESS AGE

Abstracts Vol 10 issue 1

Article: 1

“IMPACT OF THE SOCIAL SAFETY NET PROGRAMME ON LIVELIHOOD IN A SELECTED AREA OF BANGLADESH”

Effat Jahan Esha* | Mohammad Ataur Rahman** | Mezamun-Ara Mukta***

 Suman Das****| Samiul Haider*****

*Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

**Professor, Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

E-mail: marahman@bau.edu.bd

***Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

****Assistant General Manager, Bangladesh Krishi Bank, Bangladesh.

*****Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.47211/tba.2024.v10i01.001

ABSTRACT

The non-contributory aid that makes up the social safety net is intended to assist vulnerable families and people who are suffering destitution and poverty; in contrast, a livelihood consists of the abilities, assets, and pursuits required for sustaining oneself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of the study region, investigate how the social safety net programme (SSNP) impacts livelihood, and identify the issues and limitations that the beneficiaries of the programme must deal with. In the Bangladeshi district of Gaibandha, 120 randomly chosen households provided primary data via a semi-structured interview schedule. The effect of the SSNP on livelihood was assessed using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. The main conclusions indicate that 65% of the respondents were in the 30- to 65-year-old age range. Of the respondents, two thirds were illiterate and one fifth left school after finishing primary school. In the studied area, the average family size was 5.9 people, with a dependence ratio of 2.52. The participants’ safety nets, broken down by allowance category, amounted to an average of Tk 641.67 each month: 500 Tk for widows, 850 Tk for disabled people, 500 Tk for the elderly, 900 Tk for basic education, and 500 Tk for secondary school. At an average of 310 taka, they spent the most on consumable and health-related goods. Positive changes occurred in all five asset categories (human, natural, social, physical, and financial) once social safety net programmes were put into place in the study area. 88.33% of respondents believed that the SSNP’s member selection procedure was unjust, and 86.67% said that the participation of local leaders was another factor. It is advised that the government establishes a thorough monitoring and evaluation team and work with surrounding communities to increase their participation in the selection and distribution processes.

KEY WORDS: Bangladesh, Impact, Livelihood, Social safety net programmes.

Article: 2

“ENHANCING CONSUMER AWARENESS: THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATING ON ORGANIC FLAVOURING AGENTS AND REDUCING SYNTHETIC ADDITIVES IN FOOD PRODUCTS”

Mr. Sadula Sridhar* | Dr. Aamarpali Roy**

*Ph.D. Scholar, Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

**Research Supervisor, Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.47211/tba.2024.v10i01.002

ABSTRACT:

As consumers become increasingly health-conscious, there is a growing demand for transparency in food ingredients, particularly regarding flavouring agents. This paper examines the significance of educating consumers about organic flavouring agents derived from natural sources and the implications of synthetic additives in food products. It highlights the current gaps in consumer knowledge and proposes strategies for effective education, including informative labelling, community workshops, and digital resources. By empowering consumers with knowledge about the benefits of organic flavouring agents, the food industry can foster informed choices, promote healthier eating habits, and ultimately contribute to a reduction in the use of synthetic additives. This initiative not only benefits consumer health but also encourages sustainable practices within the food industry.

Keywords: Organic flavouring agents, consumer awareness, synthetic additives, food industry, education strategies, health consciousness, natural ingredients, transparency.

Article: 3

“DIVERSIFYING YOUR FINANCES: THE IMPORTANCE OF INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES”

*Rishav Singh

*Undergraduate Commerce Student in THK Jain College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.47211/tba.2024.v10i01.003

ABSTRACT:

In the current economic climate, relying solely on a single source of income poses significant risks. Economic fluctuations, job market instability, and unexpected expenses can all threaten financial security when individuals depend on just one paycheck. This article explores the importance of diversifying income streams, highlighting how additional sources of income can provide financial stability, security, and opportunities for wealth-building.

Having multiple income streams reduces financial risk by creating a buffer against the loss of a primary income source. For instance, if an individual loses their job or faces a pay cut, other income sources—such as freelance work, rental properties, or investments—can help maintain financial stability. This diversification not only protects against sudden financial shocks but also allows individuals to explore different avenues for generating income, which can lead to greater overall earnings. Moreover, additional income streams enhance investment potential. With more disposable income, individuals can invest in various assets, such as stocks, real estate, or retirement accounts. This not only increases the likelihood of wealth accumulation but also provides opportunities for passive income, further contributing to financial growth. By leveraging multiple income sources, individuals can take calculated risks in their investments, knowing that they have a safety net in place.The article emphasizes the necessity for individuals to adopt a proactive approach to their finances. This means actively seeking out new opportunities, whether through side hustles, part-time jobs, or investments. By being open to different income-generating activities, individuals can create a more resilient financial foundation.

Ultimately, diversifying income can lead to greater financial resilience and long-term prosperity. As the economic landscape continues to evolve, individuals who take the initiative to diversify their income streams will likely find themselves in a stronger position to weather financial uncertainties and achieve their financial goals. Embracing this proactive mindset is essential for anyone looking to secure their financial future in today’s unpredictable economy.

Keywords: income diversification, financial stability, multiple income sources, wealth-building, financial security, economic resilience, investment opportunities.

Article: 4

“ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN PARTNERSHIP ACT, 1932”

*Sachin Yadav

*Undergraduate Commerce Student in THK Jain College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.47211/tba.2024.v10i01.004

ABSTRACT:

The Indian Partnership Act of 1932 serves as a foundational legal framework for partnerships in India, outlining the rights, duties, and liabilities of partners engaged in business. This analysis delves into the key provisions of the Act, including the definition of partnership, the importance of the partnership deed, and the concept of limited liability partnerships (LLPs). Additionally, it examines the processes for the formation and dissolution of partnerships, highlighting the Act’s role in fostering transparency and protecting the interests of partners. By providing a clear legal structure, the Indian Partnership Act facilitates effective business operations and encourages entrepreneurial ventures in the country.

Keywords:

Indian Partnership Act, 1932, partnership, partnership deed, limited liability partnership, business law, formation, dissolution, rights and duties, legal framework.

Article: 5

“LAND LEASING ARRANGEMENTS OF BORO RICE PRODUCTION IN A SELECTED AREA OF BANGLADESH”

Mohammad Ataur Rahman* | Sabrina Akter Shama**| Md. Tariqul Islam***| Mezamun-Ara Mukta****

*Professor, Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

E-mail: marahman@bau.edu.bd

**MS in Agricultural Economics (Finance and Banking), Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

***Assistant Professor, Haor and Char Development Institute, Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

****Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

DOI: http://doi.org/10.47211/tba.2024.v10i01.005

ABSTRACT

Land leasing arrangements are a crucial need for farmers in Bangladesh. The study was conducted to identify the socio-economic characteristics, analyse the existing leasing arrangements, investigate the profitability of Boro rice cultivation, and identify the problems and constraints of leasing arrangements by randomly selecting 100 farmers in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through a field survey using an interview schedule. Some statistical measures, like average percentages and ratios, were calculated. Profitability analysis was also applied. Three types of leasing arrangements were selected: cash agreements, input-output share arrangements and only output-sharing arrangements. About 90% of the respondents belonged to the age group of 30-64 years, 38% belonged to a medium family size, 58% of the respondents’ education level was secondary, and 57% of the respondents’ primary occupation was agriculture. Per-hectare average total costs, total return, and net return were Tk. 134141, 131304, and 133152; Tk. 181561, 194097, and 196590; and Tk. 47420, 62793, and 63438; the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was 1.35, 1.48, and 1.47 for cash sharing leasing, input-output sharing leasing, and output sharing leasing, respectively. For the lessee perspective, the benefit-cost ratio was 1.35, 2.07, and 1.42. High prices of inputs, low prices of output, a lack of good-quality seed, and a lack of irrigation water were the main problems and constraints faced by the tenant farmers. The government and other agencies should come forward to provide agricultural machinery, labour supply during the harvesting period, agricultural extension, and credit services to create profit for farmers.

KEY WORDS: Bangladesh, Boro rice, Leasing arrangement, Profitability, Tenant farmers.